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German aircraft carrier I (1942)
The German aircraft carrier I was a planned conversion of the transport ship ''Europa'' during World War II. The loss of the battleship ''Bismarck'' and near torpedoing of her sistership ''Tirpitz'' in May 1941 and March 1942, respectively, spurred the Kriegsmarine to acquire aircraft carriers. ''Europa'' was one of several vessels selected for conversion into auxiliary aircraft carriers. As designed, the ship would have had an air complement of 24 Bf 109T fighters and 18 Ju 87C Stuka dive-bombers.
Conversion planning began in May 1942, and had the conversion been finished, she would have been the largest German aircraft carrier, longer even than the purpose-built s. The work was canceled in November 1942, however, after design problems, including serious instability and structural weaknesses, proved to be irreconcilable. No work was done on the ship, which was eventually seized by the US Army and used as a troop transport following the end of the war.
==Design==
The carrier ''I'' was a conversion proposal for the transport ship ''Europa''. The ship was launched on 16 August 1928 and entered service on 19 March 1930 for the German Norddeutscher Lloyd shipping company. Starting in 1939, the ship was used as a floating barracks; the ship was requisitioned by the ''Kriegsmarine'' for use in the planned Operation Sea Lion, but the operation was abandoned when the ''Luftwaffe'' failed to achieve air superiority in the Battle of Britain.〔Gröner, p. 74〕 Following the loss of the battleship ''Bismarck'' in May 1941 and the near torpedoing of her sistership ''Tirpitz'' in March 1942, the ''Kriegsmarine'' was convinced of the need to acquire aircraft carriers. Several vessels were selected for conversion, including the incomplete heavy cruiser ''Seydlitz'' and several passenger liners.〔Garzke & Dulin, p. 296〕 Planning for the conversion of ''Europa'' into an auxiliary aircraft carrier was started in May 1942.〔
The ship would have been faster and larger than any of the other ships Germany intended to convert into auxiliary carriers. However, a number of design problems emerged as the drawing up of the conversion plan progressed. Her speed and capacity advantages were offset by several serious practical problems. These included structural weakness, caused by the need to recess the hangar deck into the primary structural deck; instability, normally resolved by adding bulges; and high fuel consumption.〔 Another significant obstacle was the unwillingness of Hermann Göring, the commander in chief of the ''Luftwaffe'', to provide the ''Kriegsmarine'' with sufficient aircraft and pilots.〔Miller, p. 33〕 By the time the design was completed in November 1942, these problems had proved impossible to rectify, and so the project was abandoned.〔 As a result, no construction work began.〔Worth, p. 44〕 After the end of the war, ''Europa'' was seized by the US Army and commissioned as a troop transport under the name ''AP 177'' before being transferred to France, where she resumed her commercial duties.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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